Hey guys. I noticed there wasn't a mega thread for League of Legends. I decided to make one. This thread will contain a ton of information. From the game, to recent patches, to tips and tricks.
If you have any questions on the game, comment below or shoot me a PM and I will try to get your questions answered as soon as possible.

Check out these patch notes

You can read [ Register or Signin to view external links. ] here.

Farming in my opinion is one of the most important skills in League of Legends to be able to do very effectively. Farming minions will give you gold, which allows you to buy items, potions and wards. The more you farm, the easier the game and a better impact you will have on the game.

Two waves of minions = One kill (Assuming the person killed isn't on a killing spree)
With that being said, going for kills all the time isn't in you or your teams best interest.

Last hitting is pretty self explanatory. Make sure your damage kills the minion, not a minions damage killing the minion. If you are level 30, you should know how farming works, when to shove, when not to shove, etc. If you don't know how to shove and not shove, check out that section on the thread.

Get a lot more information in this video. It will surely help you out a ton as it has when I was new to the game. (This is also good for experienced players if you are still having issues last hitting).

Since the release of the Mid-Season 6 patch, Objective Control is a lot bigger deal than it used to be.
You can see patch 6.9 notes here . [ Register or Signin to view external links. ]

In patch 6.9, Dragon changed to "elemental drakes"

Taking dragon is a very big deal compared to what it used to be. Dragon now gives you and your team a buff for each dragon you take. Heres a list of the buffs that you can receive.

Mountain Drake
Increases turret and epic monster damage. Augments your ability to take objectives.

EARTHEN ARMS Slaying the Mountain Drake permanently grants 10/20/30% bonus true damage to Epic Monsters and Turrets.

Infernal Drake
Increases champion killing power. Augments your dueling and team fighting abilities.

INFERNAL TRIBUTE Slaying the Infernal Drake permanently grants 8/16/24% increased Attack Damage and Ability Power.

Cloud Drake
Increases out of combat movement speed. Augments your ability to outmaneuver opponents on the map.

STRATUS WALK Slaying the Cloud Drake permanently grants 15/30/45 bonus movement speed while out of combat.

Ocean Drake
Restores missing health and mana. Augments your ability to siege and poke.

HEART OF OCEANS Slaying the Ocean Drake permanently provides a regeneration effect that restores 10% of your missing health and mana every 18/12/6 seconds.

At 35 minions into the game, a "Elder Drake" spawns into the game in place of the elemental dragons. This is hard, like baron. It generally has over 12k+ HP. It spawns every 10 minions after 35 minutes (35/45/55/65 ETC.)

Elder Dragon
Grants a powerful burn-over-time on spells and attacks. Increases the strength of your Elemental Drake buffs.
DRAGON TYRANT After 35 minutes, Elemental Dragons will no longer spawn. In their place, the Elder Dragon will spawn every 10 minutes.
CRUEL ULTIMATUM For the next 120 seconds, basic attacks and spells burn the target for 45 (+45 per stack of Elemental Drake buff) damage over 3 seconds
ELDER MASTERY For the next 120 secconds, increases the strength of Elemental Dragon buffs by 50%
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Taking the river scuttle also helps with Objective control, as the enemy team can't do ANYTHING about it being there. The river scuttle is a ward that is not killable once the river scuttle has been slain. Wherever you kill the river scuttle, it will run to dragon pit or baron pit. Once it has formed the ward, there is an AoE area that gives you vision and a speed boost once you walk on it.

Baron has pretty much been the same since patch 4.20. He now grants minion buffs, and a 4 second recall time. Take a look at the changes.

All Minions:
Now match 90% of average movement speed of nearby champions, up to a limit of 500 movement speed
Are resistant to slow effects
Non-super minions have 75% damage reduction versus area of effect, damage over time, and persistent effects

Melee Minions:
Gain +50% movement speed when within 800 units of enemy minions or turrets
Size is increased
+75 attack range
75% damage reduction versus champions and minions
30% damage reduction versus turrets (similar to cannon minions)

Ranged Minions:
+20 attack damage
+50% missile speed
+100 attack range

Cannon Minions:
+600 Attack Range
+50 Attack Damage, but Attack Speed is halved
Attacks are now Area of Effect (200 range) and deal 2x damage to Turrets.

Super Minions:
+25% Attack Speed.
Gain +50% Movement Speed when within 800 units of enemy minion or Turret.

For more information, read patch 4.20's notes. Link provided at the beginning of this section.

Ward Control is also very important. Making sure you have vision is the best way of preventing getting caught out and killed.

Placing wards on the map is generally the jungler and the support, although it is a team affair.

Offensive warding:
Offensive warding is placing wards on the opposing teams side of the map.

Defensive warding:
Defensive warding is placing wards on your teams side of the map.

Here is a map I edited for you all.
Color Key:
Anything PINK is pink warding locations.
Anything GREEN is green warding locations.

Note: Purple side is now Red side with 4.20's map update.

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These spots are some of the best spots for offensive and defensive warding. Keeping wards out is very important like I said.

Also I wouldn't recommend PINK warding on the opposing teams side of the map, as they will most likely be killed.

This video is very helpful with keeping wards out and ward coverage.

The job of the jungler is to gank lanes so your lanes win laning phase to help you into team fighting phase.

Current in meta junglers (12/16/15/Patch 5.23ish) are more on the tanky side. Many junglers prefer high cc jungers, like amumu and sejuani. While others like extreme tanks like rammus. It is all a personal preference, isn't it?

Also be careful early in the jungle with junglers who do not have a lot of sustain, and mobs hit a lot harder than they use to (UPDATE TO THIS PARAGRAPH. Im sure everyone is used to the new jungle by now, so this paragraph is kinda irrelevant, but i still wanna leave it here.)

Make sure you have taken the river monster whenever it has spawned. It is very important in both Ward and Objective control.

This video is helpful in jungling.

AD is a big part of objectives. They produce massive amounts of AD (Attack Damage) at a quick rate with Attack speed, making towers, baron, and dragon die faster.

Picking the right AD.
The guide to picking the right AD is all about your PLAYSTYLE. There are 3 different types of bottom lane comps.

Poke lane: Kill enemies by dealing small amounts of damage until they are low enough on HP to dive and kill them. Mostly the support will do the poking while you farm minions. If you go a longer ranged AD then you can poke occasionally.. AD's with longer ranges are good in Poke lanes (Caitlyn, Tristana, Ashe, ect)

Sustain lane: Sustain lane basically predicted off of the support you get. (Soraka, Nami, Sona, etc). In this type of lane, you are just going to be last hitting and be protected by wards so you dont get ganked. Really any AD can play this lane.

Kill (Burst) lane: Kill enemies with quick speed by dealing tons of damage. Kinda predicted off of your support, but not so much. Good AD's in this lane (Graves, Ezreal, Kalista, Corki, etc).

Last hitting (Farming) is a huge deal for ADC's. The AD's goal is to get as muuch farm as possible, and carry mid/late game, by pushing towers, obtaining dragon/baron, etc.

This is a nice video that explains each type of bottom lane in depth and how to ADC in general..

The support has one of the most important jobs in the game close to the jungler. The point of support is to help your adc.
Picking the support you will want to play is what you enjoy doing. The support generally picks the type of lane they want to play (Poke, Kill, Sustain) by the support they pick.
Lets say the support is a Sona, the lane will be played as a poke/sustain lane as Sona heals her allies and does pokey damage with her (Q).
Now lets say the support is a Leona, the lane will be played as a kill lane. Leona has large kill potential at level 2 and above.
Get what im saying?

The supports job is to help the ADC get fed. By setting up kills, to letting them farm, to warding so you don't get ganked.

An important part of the supports job is to keep vision on the map at ALL times. Read warding control for the reasonings.

Pretty nice support guide to check out.

The mid laners job is to get as many kills and farm as possible and roam top and bot to try to set up kills if the jungler is not able to do so.
There are two types of mid laners you can play.
Mage and Assassin.
It comes down to your play style.
Assassins fit the play style of pure burst. They basically go for a kill when they get their ultimate. If they dont get a kill, they usually roam bot/top lane and try to snag a kill there. Sometimes they go into the enemy jungle to look for the jungler.
Mages, there are bursty and pokey mages. If you like ranged poke, then play a poke mage (Ziggs, Xerath, Azir, etc). There are also bursty mages (Brand, Syndra, Ahri, Lux)

This guide has a good amount of imformation. If the description has a table of contents which contains A LOT of champions reviewed.

NOTE: Some info might be wrong as champions get nerf/buffed often

Top lane has changed from the tanky/bruiser. You are starting to see more tanky mages, like Ryze, Swain, Elise, Lissandra, etc.
Although tanky/bruiser top laners are viable, most of them are countered by the range of tanky mages.

This also comes down to your style of play. If you like melee champions go the tanky/bruiser type. If you prefer ranged, go a tankier mage.

Be sure to ward you tri-bush and river bush to stop from ganks. Dont shove to hard and only last hit. Top lane is the lane that is ignored most by junglers as middle and bottom laners can generally carry harder than most top laners can, so always be careful and dont feed the enemy laner..

This video has helped many trying to learn top lane.

This video has some information on counter picking. I cant give much information on who counters who.

Check out this website. It includes who counters that champ, who that champ counters, etc. [ Register or Signin to view external links. ]
This site is also self explanatory. Click the champion that the opponent is playing, and it will list champions who counter that champion. [ Register or Signin to view external links. ]

Also check out this video.

Split pushing is where you pick a lane (Generally top) that can push minion waves and take towers very quickly.

Good examples of spitpushers
Lee Sin/Tryndamere/Shen (Will explain shen later)/Jax/Riven/Aatrox/etc.
The reason behind shen is because of his ultimite (Shen's ulti shield's an ally champion and teleports to them after a few seconds) Basically with Shen, you just teleport into the fight. Shen is effective both ways.

Split pushing is very helpful in Solo queue, and is a good skill to be able to perform efficiently. Most players in low elo solo queue (which is what im guessing alot of you are in) are either feeders, complete trolls, or afkers (sometimes you et that good team ). So being able to split push with having those types of players can win you games. Sometimes enemies have little or no map awareness, allowing you to be able to take towers, and maybe inhibs.

Here is a good video on teaching you how to be successful at split pushing

I've had a lot of trouble being so ahead and throwing games. Although i've learned how to win while ahead and while behind. Lets talk about securing victory while you are ahead.

While Ahead
It is very important to keep objective control as stated in that section of the post. Most people go for number stats instead of victories.
Would you choose a tower, or a double kill?
Lets say that you are pushing top lanes outer turret. In the closest brush there are two champions, who have no health that are recalling. While another champion is heading towards the outer turret. Would you take the double kill or snatch the tower? Always go for an objective rather than kills. Objectives win games more than kills do. Im not saying kills are bad.. Im just saying objectives are better (:
Key to winning while ahead: Kills>Objectives

So basically for winning while ahead, Objectives = Kills. If you win a team fight, and one enemy champion slips away into the jungle, DO NOT chase him down. Always push a lane and try to get a tower, or inhib, or nexus!??

While behind
Trying to win a game while you are behind can be tough. Do your best not to get caught and slaughtered by the enemy. Farm and protect your base as much as possible. When you get the chance, try to kill an enemy who is pushing a lane. If that isn't an option, farm until you can contest with the enemy team. If you win a fight late game, no matter if the enemy team is ahead 20 kills, if they have respawn timers longer than 60 seconds, you can get an inhib and baron in that time frame. That will give your team a huge amount of cash. If you did it once, you can most likely do it again.
Key to winning while behind: Dont get caught/Win team fights.

In League of Legends, never let teammates get to you, it will cause you to play poorly, and just get straight up annoyed.
There are many times of players that play LoL. Trolls, Feeders, Team Players, just to name a few.
Below I will have the most common type of players and how to deal with them.

Trolls: The main reason people troll is either they are playing poorly, or they are being a straight up asshole. Just try to calm them down the best you can, maybe say "We got this dude, Stay focused" or something along those lines. If they continue to troll the shit out of your game, just report them and you will not be matched with that specific troll again.

Feeders: People can feed, either intentionally, or unintentionally. If they are feeding intentionally, that falls under the "trolls" category, read there for more info. If they are feeding unintentionally, just tell them to stay at their tower and farm, if they are jungling, tell them to worry about them over the lanes. If the friendly jungler is feeding, you play safe along with all your other lanes.

Team Players: The only reason there are team players is to win the game. No matter what their farm, kills, deaths, or assists. Securing objectives is key in winning in the new meta. Always be sure to thank these players in game. Also honoring them will make them stay positive and continue to be a team player, which LoL needs a lot of.

For you, always stay positive with your team. I always like to tell my team before minions spawn just to stay focused, and try your best

Remember: EVERYONE HAS BAD GAMES.

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LoLPro has very helpful information on almost anything about LoL. From builds to guides, check out this site.
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Probuilds.net is a website that has all recent Pro "LCS" players game information. Say Curse Voyboy just played a game as akali, it will show what runes, masteries, summoners, his build for that game, and a bunch of other stuff. This site is very helpful on learning current in meta builds.
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ChampionSelect has information on certain champions, if you click on a champion (Swain for example), it will list swains counters, who he counters, who he goes even with, and who he does well on his team with.
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Mobafire is almost the same as LoLpro. I'd use LoLpro over mobafire though.
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I just recommend watching streams as they help you as a player. Streamers give tips to help new and low elo players out.
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LoLNexus is a site where you can see the elo of all the players in your game, their runes, masteries, KDA, Wins, etc. Simply type in the name of the summoner you are looking for in the box, and it will show you all of the information.

Ive seen a lot of "What champion should I play" or "I am maining jungle who should I play" posts. I decided i'd make a list of the strongest champions (IN MY OPINION) for each role. Im hoping this will help you guys out a lot so that we can reduce spam! (:

UPDATED: PATCH 5.24

Top: Ekko, Maokai, Shen.
Mid: Malzahar, Fizz, Ahri, Zed.
Jungle: Malzahar, Nidalee, Kindred.
Support: Blitzcrank, Janna, Taric, Soraka.
ADC: Lucian, Caitlyn, Sivir, Ezreal.

Please Note: This isnt a complete tier list, If you want a complete tier list, please check out [url=http://www.nerfplz.com/Champion Tier List[/url]

Edits: Updated the "My personal tier list" tab. 9.13.15

Updated with the new patch 9.22.15

Updated with the new patch 10.1.15

Updated with the new patch 10.14.15

Uodated with the new patch 11.2.15

Updated with new patch : 11/26/15

Updated (Jungle) section: 12//16/15

Updated with new graphics and re-organized the post a bit. 12/18/15

Updated with new patch notes (few days late, sorry)! 12-20-15
NOTE: Gonna try to keep this up to date. Thanks for viewing my post!!

Updated patch notes: 02-26-16

Updated with new patch notes, Objective control changed, updated my personal tier list and more. 5/18/16